How to draw Muscle cells

Muscular tissue is composed of Muscle cells. Muscle cells show three essential properties such as excitability, conductivity and contractility. Muscle cells are in enlongated form of fibres (Myocytes). The myocytes have several Myofibrils which are responsible for the alternate dark and light bands on striated or striped muscle. A skeletal muscle is made up of striped muscle cells. Each skeletal muscle  fibre is long cylindrical and unbranched cell. It is a multinucleated cell with many oval nuclei. These cells work under conscious control of an organism. 

 A striped muscle cell is in the form of long fibre.So, we don't represent the ends of this cell. 

Draw two parallel curves and mark several dark bands at uniform distance as shown.

Make  oval nuclei here are there and label.

Smooth muscle is located in the walls of the visceral organs such as blood vessels, trachea, bronchi, stomach, intestine, excretory and genital ducts etc. These muscle cells are also present in Iris and ciliary body of eye and in the skin as arrector pili that are attached to hair follicles. Usually these cells are arranged in the form of sheets. A smooth muscle fibre is spindle shaped, uninucleate. Myofibrils do not show alternate dark and light bands due to irregular arrangement of actin and myosin molecules. They do not work under conscious control. They can remain in contracted state for long period without fatigue. They are under the control of Autonomous nervous system.

Draw a spindle shape and make several curves which represent Myofibrils. Draw a single round nucleus at center.

Cardiac muscle is striated like the skeletal muscle. It is found in the Myocardium of the heart of vertibrates. These cells are short cylindrical, mononucleate or binucleate cells, whose ends branch and form junctions with other cardiac muscle cells. The Dark lines across cardiac muscle cells are called Intercalated discs.

Draw four or five rows of striped muscle cells and connect them randomly through branches. 

Draw Intercalated discs and mark several bands.

Finally draw nuclei as shown.

How to draw Male reproductive system - Front view

The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that are a part of the human reproductive process. The sex organs which are located in the pelvic region include a pair of testes along with accessory ducts, glands and the external genitalia.Testes are a pair of oval pinkish male primary sex organs suspended outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum. The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes lower than the normal internal body temperature necessary for spermatogenesis.  The testes descend into the scrotum just before birth. The condition in which the tested s do not descent into the scrotum is called cryptorchidism.

1.Draw a urinary bladder with a pair of ureters and Urethra.

2.Now draw Penis over Urethra.

3. The draw Seminal vesicles, Prostate and bulbourethral glands fallowed by inner details of penis.

Epididymis is a narrow, tightly coiled tube located along the posterior surface of each testis. It provides storage space for the sperms and gives the sperms time to mature . Penis  and Scrotum constitute the male external genitalia. The penis serves as a urinal duct and also copulatory organ that transfers spermatozoa to the vagina of a female. 

How to draw Sagittal section of Human brain

Brain is the site of information processing and control. It is protected in the cranial cavity and covered by three connective tissue membranes called Cranial meninges.The brain can be divided into three major parts called i. Fore brain ii. Mid brain iii. Hind brain. Fore brain consists of Olfactory bulb, Cerebrum and Diencephalon. Mid brain is locateb between the thalamus of the fore brain and the Pons Varoli of the hind brain. Hind brain comprises Cerebellum, Pons varoli and Medulla oblongata.  Cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain. It consists of two Cerebella hemispheres  It has  branching tree -like core of white mater called Arbor vitae (the tree of life) surrounded by a sheath of grey matter.

1.Draw  an inverted bean shape.

2.Draw Corpus callosum and other regions of the brain as shown in the bean shape.

 3.Then make brain stem and Cerebellum as shown.

 4.Make the grooves on cerebrum as shown.

 The brain consists of four ventricles. The first and second ventricles (Paracoels) are present in the right and left cerebral hemispheres respectively. The third  ventricle (Diocoel) occurs in the diencephalon. The two Paracoels are connected to the median diocoel individually by the two foramina of Monro. The fourth ventricle (Myelocoel) is present in the medulla . The myelocoelk and the diocoel are connected by a narrow canal caller iter or Aqeuduct of Sylvius/Cerebral aqueduct..The ventricles of the brain, and the subarachnoid space are filled with Cerebro- spinal fluid. CSF is an alkaline, colourless fluid which is filtered from the choroid plexuses into the ventricles of the brain.

How to draw Internal structure of mammalian Heart

The heart is mesodermal in origin. It is a thick walled, muscular and pulsating organ, situated in the mediastinum, and with its apex slightly turned to the left, it is of the size of a clinched fist. The heart is covered by a double walled pericardium which consists of the outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium is double layered, formed of an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer. The parietal layer is fused with the fibrous pericardium, whereas the visceral layer adheres to the surface of the heart and forms epicardium. .The two layers are separated by a narrow pericardial space, which is filled with the pericardial fluid.

1.First draw basic heart shape on the paper with its narrow end towards your Right .

2.Then draw Precaval vein and Post caval vein on the
Right side of the heart.Actually your Left becomes Right for the heart here.

3.Make the Muscular wall of the heart, ensuring the Left ventricle has thicker wall than Right ventricle.

4.Make Pulmonary aorta emerging from Right Ventricle.

5.Then draw Systemic arch that emerges out of Left ventricle. Make three nubs on the arch.

6. Now draw the valves inside the Systemic aorta and Pulmonary Aorta. 

A specialized cardiac musculature called the nodal tissue is also distributed in the heart. A patch of this tissue called the sinoatrial node (SAN)is present in the right upper corner of the right atrium near the openings of the superior venae cavae. Another mass of this tissue, called the antrioventricular node (AVN) is seen in the lower left corner of the right atrium close to the atrioventricular septum. A bundle of nodal fibres, called atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle/ His bundle) continues from the AVN into the inter-ventricular septum. It divides into right and left bundle branches. These branches give rise to minute fibres called the Purkinje fibres that extend throughout the ventricular musculature of the respective sides. 

SAN consists of specialized cardiomyocytes. It has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli,hence called "Pace maker". AV node is a relay point that relays the action  potentials received from the SA node to the ventricular musculature. SAN can generate action potentials every 0.6 sec.Autonomous and hormonal coordination systems take charge of increasing or decreasing the rates, depending on the situation.

7.Now replace the smooth inner walls of ventricles with ridged structures Columnae carneae

8.Now draw Papillary muscles emerging out of Columnae carneae towards the valves. We are done my friend.